Beginner’s guide to car audio systems

Introduction

Good sound or good music has the ability to delight your soul. A good audio system in your car is pure eargasm while on the move. If you’re new to the world of car audio systems, check out our article on how the in-car infotainment system evolved with time here and they seem to have become more sophisticated with each passing year.

Almost everyone has different opinions on car audio systems, and some people love the look of their factory stereo. If you have a late model car with an integrated infotainment system, upgrading the stereo can be difficult. In either case, there are several ways to improve a factory sound system.

One interesting thing about upgrading your car audio is that there’s no right way or wrong way to go about it, in fact, the best thing about upgrading factory audio systems is that almost any component you replace will at least represent a marginal improvement.

The guide to “car audio” starts with an understanding of what each component contributes to the overall audio experience you have. But it’s important to be able to identify the pitfalls that you notice in your car audio, then know the right fix for each problem.

However, no matter how many complexities arise in the technological aspect, a car audio system only has three basic components. So if you’re considering upgrading your car’s audio system, keep in mind that the components listed below are the ones you must include.

If you are going by the budget-conscious piecemeal route, then you must plan on how you want the final system to look and sound like. If you do that, you’ll end up with components that work pretty well together.

There are many options when you build a car infotainment system from the ground up, so people who have never performed this task may shy away from that sort of drastic change.

Now, if you dive in, consider the types of features you want your car to sound like.

If you’re working on a tight budget, you can do some things to improve the sound quality. You can even replace components one at a time, depending on what your speculated budget permits, and eventually, you’ll have a completely custom car sound system.

Know the main components!

Head Units

This is the brain behind everything. In the beginning, head units were simply radio tuners which, as time went by, became proficient in providing audio signals from cassette tapes and CD players. In the modern-day vehicles, the head unit is often integrated into its entire “infotainment system”, which is the central console that also often houses climate controls and provides navigation.

Today, most head units have USB ports, Bluetooth connectivity, Apple CarPlay, Android Auto, etc to connect other devices and play digital music, built-in satellite and Internet capabilities, and whatnot.

Now it is entirely up to you what you want in your car.

Either way, we advise you to end up with a head unit that is capable of powering the speakers. You can also go for a head unit with pre-amp outputs and an amplifier capable of fully powering the speakers.

Speakers

It’s an old rule of thumb, but it remains true: even the best car stereo won’t sound great on lousy speakers. If your car’s stock car audio system shows distortion, lacks clarity during high-frequency ranges, and blasts hollow bass notes, you may improve the sound system in your vehicle with a worthwhile speaker upgrade.

If your car only has two or four-speaker slots, they are probably coaxial speakers, which means a single speaker head features both the woofer and a tweeter. The easiest way to replace them is with better coaxial speakers, preferably made with more superior materials.

A decent set of front speakers might only set you back less than ten grand. Component speakers provide even better sound, but that’s a complicated upgrade that’s better paired with a new car stereo.

Discrete speaker components sound even better because the tweeters and woofers operate separately, producing greater sound clarity. But this upgrade often requires cutting new speaker mounts, complex rewiring, and other actions best performed by a technician, an experienced installer of sound systems for cars.

At least four speakers make up most car audio systems, although you can play with various configurations that will allow you to add more.

There are several types of speakers, including coaxial, component, and subwoofers. A coaxial speaker is one unit that houses both the tweeter, which takes care of the treble or higher range notes and the woofer, which deals with the Bass or the lower to mid-range frequencies. On the other hand, component speakers are simply a set of speakers that separate the woofer and the tweeters. Subwoofers, meanwhile, are designed to reproduce Bass and sub-bass that is typically lower than what a woofer can generate.

More often than not, car owners prefer upgrading the speakers that come with their car because its sound quality is often poor. Go for speakers that are constructed better and are usually made of cloth and foam. Some excellent speakers have rubber, metal, silk, and other synthetic materials. Car owners can enjoy full-bodied Bass, pristine sound in high-frequency ranges, and a lack of distortion with these speakers.

Amplifiers

Turning up the volume.

If you’re concerned about high volume, an amplifier is still an essential component you need to add to your system. You’ll probably need an amp with speaker-level inputs if you’re leaving the factory stereo in place, but some premium factory fitted head units come with line-level outputs.

It’s easy to overpower the speakers when you add a powerful amplifier to a factory sound system. With that in mind, consider upgrading the speakers first if you want to crank up the volume all the way blasting out of the windows.

As mentioned above, the speakers receive the audio signal from the amplifier and serve as the output devices that in turn convert the electrical energy of that signal into sound.

Despite what we said above about having great speakers, it’s also quite true that great speakers only sound as good as their amplifier. You may get an uplift in quality with new speakers alone. Still, discrete car audio systems will require more sophisticated amplifiers that can output to multiple, distinct speaker channels. A good amp can output well to tweeters and woofers, for example, and even subwoofers, for that matter.

An amplifier does precisely what its name implies; it takes the audio signal that the head unit sends out and amplifies it on its way to the speakers. Not only does an amplifier increase the power of that audio signal from the head unit, but it also improves the quality of the sound. With speakers hooked up to an amplifier, you should be able to turn up the volume without it producing crackling sounds and distorting the audio quality. The sound is cleaner, more unmistakable, all making your listening experience much much better.

Not all amplifiers are created equal, though, so you can vastly improve your car audio by simply upgrading your amplifier to superior ones.

Adding more Bass

If the only thing you’re missing is Bass, add a subwoofer to your factory system in either of the two ways:

Add an amplifier and a subwoofer.
Add a powered subwoofer. Subwoofer in a car trunk

Powered subwoofers are a more straightforward proposition, but adding an amplifier and a subwoofer allows you more flexibility. Either way, a subwoofer is the best way to get that bass thumping.

If you want to go by the easiest way to add more bass to your car audio system, a powered amplifier with speaker-level inputs is the way to go. These units combine an amplifier and a subwoofer into one unit, and they can be hooked up to any factory or aftermarket head unit.

Doing it right

The most important thing to look for is a good wiring harness specifically designed for your vehicle requirements. This harness plugs into the factory wiring, so you won’t have to cut into any of your car stereo system wires and mess up with the electricals.

Some of these wiring harnesses are even designed to plug into a new head unit altogether, which means there’s no wiring involved at all. This is the easiest way to install a new head unit, and it ensures that you can pop the factory stereo back to stock any time you want.

What Does Your System Lack?

While many other components can affect the overall audio quality, those are the top three pieces of every car audio system. Now, consider the fact that your vehicle’s sound isn’t up to your expectations. What complaints do you have?

Your Speakers Buzz

Factory-installed speakers aren’t of the best quality, but you can easily upgrade to an aftermarket set that provides a broader range of sound. If you want an upgrade, particularly in the speaker department, install a separate woofer and tweeters along with component speakers for a good midrange sound.

There Is Not Enough Power

If the sound quality simply feels like it could need more “oomph”, your amplifier is likely the culprit in this scenario. Since it delivers more power to your new speakers, you should get more clarity without any kind of distortion.

There Isn’t Enough Detail.

If you’re a music-head audiophile, you know that layers of audio are very much essential to the full sound experience. An upgraded head unit could help enhance your jazz or classical listening, taking your hearing experience to another level.

Evaluating Your Car Audio System

If your car stereo sounds OK to you, that’s exactly what all the OEMs are looking for. Even factory-installed premium sound systems usually aren’t up to mark. So how can you tell if your factory audio needs a little tender loving care?

Here’s a test that anyone can do:

Sit in your car and close all the doors and windows.

Play your favourite music and turn up the volume.

Don’t be afraid to go higher than you usually would, but try avoiding blasting the sound and go blow-out-your-eardrums high.

Listen to the music and start noticing the drawbacks.

If you need to turn up the treble due to lack of clarity, that’s something that a speaker upgrade can fix.

If you turn up the bass figure, you have the Bass sounding hollow or empty, that’s also something an upgrade can fix.

If the music sounds distorted when the volume is up really high, that’s another thing you can take care of with a bit of tinkering with the amplifying system mentioned.

So, where do you start from? There are different ways to dig into a factory sound system upgrade. Answering a handful of questions can set you on the right path:

How important is your budget? Do you have much money to spend on upgrades?
Do you want to improve the sound while keeping your factory stereo?
Would you instead ditch the factory stereo and start fresh?
How important is Bass?
Do you like listening to your music loud?

You might be surprised at how the simple act of pondering those five questions sets you on the road to building a great car audio system.

Two-Stroke vs Four-Stroke Engine

The two-stroke and the four-stroke engine

Massive transformations have taken place in automotive engines in the past few decades, but the two main internal combustion engine designs remain the 2-stroke and the 4-stroke. While we reckon that you’ve at least heard these terms before, do you really know the difference between them? How do they work, and which is better? Read on to know more!

How Does a Combustion Engine Work, and What Is a “Stroke” Anyways?

In order to understand how different these two engines are, you need to first understand the basics of how an engine works. Combustion, also known as the process of burning fuel, is the underlying chemical process involving releasing energy from the mixture of air & fuel. In an internal combustion engine (ICE), the ignition and combustion of the fuel occur within the engine itself. The engine then partially converts this energy from the combustion to work up. The engine consists of a fixed cylinder and a moving piston. The expanding combustion gases push the piston, which in turn rotates the crankshaft. Ultimately, through a system of gears in the powertrain, this motion drives the vehicle’s wheels. A stroke is when the piston moves up & down to complete a revolution. This revolution or the combustion cycle is the complete process in which fuel & air is mixed and sucked in the piston chamber, ignited and expelling exhaust gases. This process takes place in four different steps mainly-

Intake: When the piston moves down the cylinder, it allows a mixture of fuel and air into the combustion chamber.

Compression: When the piston moves back up the cylinder, the intake valve is closed to compress the gasses within.

Combustion: A spark from the spark plug ignites this mixture.

Exhaust: When the piston goes back up the cylinder and the exhaust valve is opened, the combusted gases are released via the exhaust.

Two-stroke vs four-stroke

The Difference between a 2-stroke and a 4-stroke engine is how quickly this combustion cycle process takes place, based on the number of times the piston moves up and down during each cycle.

In a 2-stroke engine, the entire combustion cycle is completed within a single piston stroke: a compression stroke followed by the combustion of the compressed fuel. During the return stroke, the exhaust is let out, and a fresh fuel mixture enters the cylinder. The spark plugs fire once every single revolution, and power is produced once every 2-strokes of the piston. It has one revolution of the crankshaft during one power stroke, and due to the larger power-to-weight ratio, it generates higher torque as compared to four-stroke engines. It uses ports for fuel’s outlet and inlet, and is usually less efficient and produces more smoke. Two-stroke engines also require more lubricating oil to be pre-mixed in with the fuel, as it burns with it.

In a 4-stroke engine, the piston completes 2-strokes during each revolution: one compression stroke and one exhaust stroke, each being followed by a return stroke which means it has two revolutions of the crankshaft during each power stroke. The spark plugs fire only once every other revolution, and power is produced every 4-strokes of the piston. Compared to the ports used in two-stroke engines, the four-stroke engine uses valves for the inlet and outlet of fuel, resulting in higher thermal efficiency while generating less torque. It is more efficient in burning the fuel, it emits less smoke and has comparatively less wear & tear of the parts. These engines also do not require pre-mixing of fuel and oil, as they have a separate compartment for the oil.

So, which is ‘better and which one to choose?

Here are a few of the pros and cons of both engine designs:

As far as efficiency goes, the 4-stroke certainly ranks up the chart due to the fact that fuel is consumed once every four strokes.
Four-stroke engines are heavier due to more components & can weigh up to 50% more than a comparable 2stroke engine, adding a lot of difference to the overall riding dynamics of the vehicle.
Typically, a 2-stroke engine creates more torque at a higher RPM, while a 4-stroke engine creates a higher torque at a lower RPM.
BRRRAAAAPPPPP!!! The 4-stroke engine is also much quieter; a 2-stroke engine is significantly louder and has a distinctive, high-pitched “buzzing” sound.
Because 2-stroke engines are designed to run at a higher RPM, they also tend to wear out faster; a 4-stroke engine is generally more durable in comparison. That being said, 2-stroke engines are more powerful as the initial torque can blow the mind away!
Two-stroke engines are of much simpler design as compared to the complexity of four-stroke engines, making them easier to fix. They do not have valves but rather ports. Four-stroke engines have more parts; therefore, they are more expensive, and the maintenance costs more.
Two-stroke engines require pre-mixing of oil and fuel, while the 4-strokes do not.
Four-strokes are more environmentally friendly; in a 2-stroke engine, burnt oil is also released into the air with the exhaust.
So which is better and which one to prefer completely depends on the application and preference of usage. Two-stroke engines are typically found in smaller applications such as remote-controlled cars, lawnmowers & tools like chainsaws, boat motors and dirt bikes. Four-stroke engines are found in anything from go-karts, sportbikes right up to the typical internal combustion engine in your cars. It’s up to you to decide which engine you prefer and for what purpose.

Meet the all-new and all-curvy Maruti Suzuki Celerio

Meet the all-new and curvy Maruti Suzuki Celerio

Reviewed by – Pratik Ghone

Maruti Suzuki sales are banking on products that cater to mass-market audiences, at least in India. With the sales plateau and the world slow-down (read as lockdown), it is time for something new. Maruti has been studying the demographics in India and, adhering to the mindset of young professionals, launched the all-new Maruti Suzuki Celerio.

The new Celerio is available in six different colours – Speedy Blue, Arctic White, Solid Fire Red, Glistening Grey, Silky Silver, Caffeine Brown with a young audience in mind. The design is a complete overhaul compared to the ageing Celerio launched in 2014. Noticeable changes include curves that translate all over the exterior fascia and then some. The wheel arches are neatly designed to give a sense of bulge without actually protruding. The most exciting section is how curves on the front and rear doors make the car like a concept design made real for the masses. Curved headlights, curved front doors, a (mandatory to Indian markets) chrome strip splitting the nose grill, indicators integrated ORVMs, and a shrunk down Baleno inspired tail section make the Celerio look like a major overhaul to its earlier design.

The new Celerio is 55 mm wider than before. Also, its wheelbase is now 10 mm longer, making it 2,435 mm. The new Celerio has a 170 mm ground clearance, 5 mm more than the old model, making it easier to tackle all road undulations. Our top-of-the-line ZXi+ variant also comes equipped with keyless entry assist next to conventional upward pull door handles. Unlike its predecessor, the A-pillar is also sanely sized, which created a huge blind spot for the driver in the earlier model. What comes exclusively to the ZXi+ variant are the 15″ alloy rims with 175 section Yokohama tyres. All other variants come with standard 14″ rims and 165 section tyres.

Hop inside, and the all-new tagline feels justified cocooned in varied textures of black fibre all across the interiors. The earlier Celerio did come with part analogue and part digital console, but Maruti has overhauled the same approach on the new Celerio. The background textures are symmetrical geometric shapes with a clean and understandable round design that matches the new Celerio DNA. It looks amber clad, round, modern and youthful, with ample information for the driver. There are tonnes of textures on the dashboard, all in black fibre. Gone are the door controls from the doors, and everything now sits in the central bay. For better or for worse, the central console flaunts a 7-inch Smartplay touch infotainment system with support for wired Android Auto and Apple car play support. Do understand that only the top-end variants get this feature. The centre console extends adjacent to the front row seats ending with window controls for the rear seats.

Doors of the Celerio are barebones with no control units, but they make up for it with large door pockets, enough to place six full-size bottles across four doors. Apart from the base variant, all other variants get electronic controls for ORVM adjustment on the right side of the steering. This panel also features the switch for auto start-stop feature. Seats are cushioned well enough with integrated headrests for both front and rear seats. Thanks to the additional wheelbase, space at the rear is comfortable and ample for three teenagers. A healthy 313 litres boot space apart from a sink well for the spare wheel makes the car spacious enough for long trip luggage. Note that the boot storage lip is high and could be a hurdle when loading heavy baggage.

We drove the ZXi+ manual, and automatic variants, which come equipped with steering mounted controls, adjustable steering, height adjust for the driver seat and most bells and whistles of the lot. Such creature comforts are a welcome addition to the Celerio. That said, Maruti has also introduced the K10C 1-litre engine with this car. The engine is the same across the various variants, with AMT (AGS) offered upwards of the VXi variant. This engine is run by a 5-speed manual and automatic transmission and produces impressive 25+km/l mileage, a segment-leading number. Let’s check out how it feels to drive.

The new K10C engine is potent and carries the signature torque-oriented appeal. On paper, the engine makes 67bhp at 6000rpm and 89Nm of torque as low as 3500rpm. In the real world, the first gear seems short and to the point. Shifting up to the 2nd and 3rd gear with a bit of throttle reveals a healthy powerband that can stretch in 3 digits and way over the legal limitations on Indian roads. The engine is happiest over 1200rpm and pulls strong right up to 6000rpm. The 4th gear is excellent on highways with enough grunt to overtake, albeit in linear power delivery. 5th gear is best suited for comfort cruising which this engine does not mind doing all day long. The steering is electronically controlled, but the inputs are precise, and feedback is ample to feel the road underneath. What came as a surprise is how this car handles within city limits. At times, the steering, engine and chassis come together to make one feel like they are driving a much smaller car than the spec sheets suggest. This characteristic is excellent for novice and experienced drivers irrespective of their sex, age and other choices. The increased ground clearance and dimensions also make the car rock-solid on highway and in city speeds. There is a certain sense of body roll when carrying a few people and maneuvering the car at high speeds but never too intrusive in the overall driving experience.

One thing to be noted was the way this engine sounds when revved and performance-driven. We should make it clear that our cars were brand new off the assembly line. When stressed, the engine produces a growling noise, and the NVH levels aren’t the best in class either. While the sound felt like the engine was small, its performance did not match the sound output. Maybe a few oil changes would make this engine sound calmer, but it is worth noting nonetheless. The overall characteristic of the engine makes it a perfect choice to be driven on city and highway commutes without leaving the driver unsatisfied.

Increased wheelbase, better creature comforts, capable engine and new design language make the new Celerio look like a good competition in the crowded hatchback segment. Yes, some competitors like the Tata Tiago and Hyundai’s line-up add more features in comparison, but none have the K-series engine dynamics to match their stature. Still, in isolation, the Celerio matched with Maruti’s vast service network is a good budget option for anyone looking to get a new age hatchback with minimal running costs.

Future of electric mobility in India

Clean, green and surprisingly fun

The Indian Automobile Industry is ranked as the 5th largest in the world and is expected to move up to be the 3rd largest by 2030. Despite this impressive growth, India still needs a dramatic shift in the mobility sector so as to cater to its vast, ever-growing population. With the crude oil prices drifting up internationally, as well as the rocketing fuel prices, the existing models might not suffice in the coming years; as technology needs to be environment-friendly and cost-effective at the same time. What, then, should be the alternative?

Electrification certainly seems to be the talk of the town in this regard. It would do a great deal in reducing vehicular emissions – which are a key contributor to air pollution, a major and looming issue today in all the big, crowded cities of the country. The Indian auto industry has been buzzing with new innovations and trends with respect to this in the recent years. It all started with the “Reva” electric car which made its debut in the year 2001 (and later got acquired by Mahindra), and a few e-rickshaws which entered the market at that time. Since then, there have only been a few automakers (both four & two wheelers) to fill the gap. But the concept of electric vehicles, that used to turn just a few heads, is now catching everyone’s attention. It can definitely be said that electric vehicles are on their way to becoming a lucrative solution & a bright reality.

Besides the strengthening of EV and related component manufacturing, the battery prices are also expected to fall by more than 30% by 2025, which will make electric vehicles more affordable over the period of time. Also, the government of India has announced various tax redemptions and subsidies to further encourage more people to consider EVs. Under the Make In India programme, the manufacturing of EVs and their associated components is expected to increase. On the economic front, large-scale adoption of electric vehicles is expected to bring down the dependency on foreign oil & petroleum imports. The running cost of EVs, as compared to fuel could fall as low as Rs 1.1/km from that of Rs.6-10/km of a diesel or petrol vehicle , helping an electric vehicle owner save up to Rs. 20,000 for every 5,000km traversed.

Further, a holistic e-mobility ecosystem is complete only with an effective charging infrastructure & e-mobility service providers (rentals, charging spots, battery swapping stations etc.) and related regulations. Currently, charging infrastructure for EVs is an area of concern; however, there have been some positive developments with more and more OEM’s entering the market with their products and collectively helping set and grow the infra across the country.

The demand for electric vehicles in our country is driven by the concern of fast-charging batteries coupled with great performance & extended driving range. Indians are known for being value-conscious & thus the number of EVs selling today is less. Talking money, the running cost of a diesel/petrol vehicle can be tremendously more than that of an EV, but the initial investment is what gets heavy on the pockets. It is this mentality which needs to be changed.

For automotive players today, the primary challenge is to develop quality battery packs with extended range and longer lifespan; batteries which are safe and can store & deliver a lot of energy. In the current ecosystem, lithium ion batteries have emerged as the most suitable option.

Reservations do exist among consumers today due to the limited range of these vehicles and the lack of charging facilities, as well as the high operating costs behind setting up Public Charging Stations (PCS) – the burden of which would be passed on to them in the form of higher tariffs. As a result, EVs are only used for short, irregular trips and have yet to become the norm. However, despite these infrastructural limitations, continuous investments are taking place in the research and development arena to make EV and associated technology more cost-effective. Along with this, an increasingly facilitative role is being played by the Government in providing concessions to encourage their adoption. Finally, with the realization of the practical realities surrounding traditional vehicles and their externalities, these factors will cumulatively begins to shape the consumer’s preferences favourably towards EVs. They will surely become a viable and optimal alternative in the coming future, with immense potential to transform the landscape, and usher in a new era for the automobile sector.

India can benefit on a large scale with the widespread adoption of e-mobility. Various government interventions can definitely play a vital role in advancing electric mobility in the country. Indian policymakers have been actively pushing EV adoption in the recent years, by introducing various plans like NEMMP (National Electric Mobility Mission Plan, 2020) , the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric vehicles (FAME) and other electric campaigns under different state governments.

The wait is over, for the all new Range Rover !

The all-new 2022 Range Rover

After nearly a legacy of about half a century, Land Rover has finally unveiled its flagship SUV, “Range Rover”, which made its premiere in the UK, ahead of its launch in early 2022. This Range Rover has been built on the triumph of its outgoing fourth-generation predecessor which became the synonym for the epitome of luxury full-size SUV around the world. Even though the overall silhouette remains the same, many indispensable changes have been carried out extensively on the technical front.

Exterior dimensions and looks:

At the first glimpse, it looks unneighborly to the outgoing generation, but many styling ques have been carried forward. Take a closer look, and you will notice that even though the overall delineation hasn’t changed, the transpose lies in its details. From its sophistically slated grill design to the digital LED headlights claiming a beam range of 500m to the wholly revamped bumpers and gills on the flanks. Crisp body lines with flushed door handles to accentuate the sleek, seamless design of the new Range Rover. From the back, a more futuristic design with vertical blacked-out LED tail-lights gives it a much broader appeal as they are visible only when lit up. With blacked-out pillars, the glance of a floating roof is much appreciated. The wheel size could vary from 21-23 inches, depending on the spec you opt.

These evolutionary changes made on the new MLA-Flex platform of JLR will be made available in two different versions- the short wheelbase sitting at 2997mm and the long-wheelbase measuring a whopping 3197mm. The maximum ground clearance is estimated at 295mm, with rear-wheel steering (moving up to 7-degrees) being offered as standard across the range. As per the Land Rover DNA, the new Range Rover is supposed to have a water wading depth of 900mm and can tackle as steep as 45-degree inclines with utmost ease.

Interior comfort and Features:

More compendious changes have been carried out on the inside with a completely re-designed dashboard which houses a thoroughly overhauled infotainment system and driving aid tech. A 13.1-inch floating Alexa integrated touchscreen with haptic feedback and a 13.7-inch fully digital instrument cluster (with heads-up display as an optional) adorn the fondness of the interior. An entirely new designed two-bar steering houses physical controls for ease of use. A panoramic sunroof lets the cabin feel roomier and light up than before. The use of high-quality materials like leather, matte finish wood and brushed aluminum can be seen generously spread across the beautifully designed clean interiors.

As before, it will be offered in four, five and seven-seat configurations to choose from different variants amongst the long and short wheelbase layout. With active noise cancellation, a 1600-watt Meridian Signature sound system has moved a step forward with 20-watt speakers built into the four main headrests for an exhilarating experience. Loaded with the latest tech like power-assisted doors, an air purifier and a smartphone application to control vital features of the car, the range-topping spec will also get 24-way adjustable rear seats with massager. The central console will house a fridge with auto-folding tables, a large 13.1-inch entertainment screen, & an 8-inch touch control panel for the rear seat occupants will add up to the overall exquisite experience.

Drive & Powertrains:

With the four-cylinder engine options going obsolete, the patrons will get to choose from a 3-litre six-cylinder (both petrol & diesel) mated to a 48-volt mild-hybrid system churning outputs ranging from 250hp to 400hp and a 4.4-litre twin-turbo V8 producing 530hp propelling the Range Rover from 0-100kmph in just under 4.6 secs. The eight-speed ZF auto transmission will be standard across the range.

Later, a plug-in hybrid version will follow with a 3-litre six-cylinder petrol engine with a 143 hp electric motor which will derive its power from a 38.2 kWh lithium-ion battery delivering a combined output of 450hp (P450e) or 510hp (P510e). Range Rover claims that its PHEV battery will take just about an hour to charge up to 80%.

Land Rover has also confirmed that the all-electric variant may hit the roads by 2024, which will be the first EV from the brand.

Speaking about the drivetrain, a 48-volt electronic anti-roll system with an active rear differential locking system, five-link rear axle, and twin-valve Bilstein dampers makes it accurate to the off-road capabilities. The “Integrated Chassis Control” aids the driving by using navigational data to project oncoming terrain and adjust the suspensions accordingly. With as many as six drive modes to choose from, the famed Terrain Response 2 system has been integrated in the vehicle.

Will we get this in India?

Of-course! But as a CBU like before. Land Rover has started taking the orders for the 2022 facelift and is expected to start deliveries by 2022. With the current generation priced from 2.10 crore to 4.30 crore (ex-showroom) , this particular one might see an increase in its pricing.

Things You Should Know About All-New Hyundai i20 N Line

Premium hatchback offerings have reduced drastically in recent years, but the segment maintains its popularity among Indian consumers, and that’s why Hyundai Motors has come up with the i20 N Line. The original i20 was and still is one of the most popular hatchbacks in our country, but having a sportier and premium version of the i20 is a dream come true situation for many Indians looking for a small car with a premium design and features.

Hyundai has been enjoying success in the Indian car market for over two decades, and now the company is prepared to bring N Line products here, which it sells abroad. The N Line cars are equipped with styling and high-performance upgrades that set them apart from conventional vehicles. The company recently launched the much-anticipated i20 N Line car, the first hatchback from the N Line segment to be launched in India.

What does ‘N’ stand for?

The company will launch more full-blown N performance cars in the future, but what does ‘N’ in the N Line stand for? The N represents Namyang, an R&D Center in South Korea, where Hyundai and Kia test many of their new vehicles. Hyundai Motors established the N segment in 2019 by resembling BMW’s M and Mercedes’ AMG segment. The sportier i20 N Line stands apart from the regular i20 with some light performance upgrades to areas like the brakes and suspension.

Engine

The all-new i20 N Line is going to be one of the most fun-to-drive cars in India with its 120hp, 172Nm, 1.0-litre Turbo GDi Petrol engine. The engine arrives with a 7-speed dual-clutch transmission (DCT) or a 6-Speed intelligent manual transmission (iMT). It may sound normal as the i20 N Line has the same engine we have heeded on the regular i20, but according to Hyundai, the i20 N Line can deliver 0–100 Kmph acceleration in just 9.9 seconds. Well, that sounds like a premium.

Variants

The company is offering a new i20 N Line in two variants, N6 and N8. Both the N Line trims come with a stiffer suspension, paddle shifters, rear disc brakes and has been claimed to have a fuel efficiency of 20 kmpl. The sportier car is available for sale in four monotone paint options, Thunder Blue, Fiery Red, Titan Grey, and Polar White and two dual-tone paint options, Thunder blue with Phantom black roof and Fiery red with Phantom black roof.

Exterior

Hyundai has worked really hard on the new segment and that’s why they are advertising it boldly as a performance-oriented car. The new i20 N Line is all about styling and showing sportiness along with ample enhancements. The car has a sportier dual-tone bumper with red inserts. The front bumper of the i20 N Line features a revised all-black grille with a Chequered Flag inspired design that displays the N Line logo.

In profile, the car gets 16-inch diamond-cut alloy wheels with an N Logo that sets the car apart from the regular i20. The sportier car also features a side sill garnish with red front brake callipers. On the rear side, the car gets a newly designed bumper along with a roof spoiler with side wings finished in black. It gets a triangular rear fog lamp and the N Line emblem on the tailgate.

Interior

On the inside, the i20 N Line gets black interiors with athletic red inserts and Chequered Flag design leatherette seats with N Logo, sporty metal pedals, red interior highlights embedded with the ‘N Line’ branding on the air vents, door handles and gear lever, red ambient lights, a bespoke 3-spoke steering wheel and an N-branded iMT/DCT gear knob. The overall dashboard layout is very identical to the standard car, but all these things make the i20 N Line a little different from the regular i20.

Features

The original i20 already comes loaded with a lot of features and apart from those, the new i20 N Line gets an extra Sports Mode button and a sportier instrument cluster. The car also gets a 10.25-inch touchscreen infotainment system with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto, wireless charging, digital instrument cluster, automatic climate control, a single-pane sunroof, air purifier, connected car technology and a 7-speaker Bose sound system. The car additionally gets new voice recognition functions along with an updated Bluelink app, and for safety, it offers 6 airbags. Overall, the N Line gets only cosmetic changes and doesn’t get engineering alterations of the proper N series, which might piss some of the buyers.

Final Verdict

The hot hatch starts at a price of ₹9.84 lakh (ex-showroom) and stretches all the way to ₹11.75 lakh (ex-showroom). If you’re looking for a sportier-looking car with a few mechanical upgrades to the suspension and steering, better-appointed interiors and better safety, then, of course, go for i20 N Line; it is one of the best premium hatchbacks available in the market.

Affair of the heart – Nissan Magnite

Since 1933, Nissan has been creating the kinds of cars that move people’s hearts. In their pursuit of this ideal, the Japanese have always challenged the limits of what is possible by rejecting assumptions and turning conventional wisdom on its head. It’s a brand that has never lost sight of the importance of their relationship with the society and has always remained focused on the effects they have on people’s lives.

Thanks to this approach, the Nissan’s innovations have come a long way to transcended the realm of auto manufacturing and product offerings. The Magnite, Nissan’s newest offering, is a car that debuted in India but is ready to appeal to customers globally. The brand is very passionate about driving experience, not only with cars like the Skyline and Nissan GT-R but with all of the cars they produce and offer.

And this passion is growing more intense with the passing of time. Through their long years of experience in motorsports, Nissan has learned a great deal about making cars that are faster, more beautiful, safer, more responsive, and simply more fun to drive. In our eight-month stint with the Nissan Magnite, these pillars of the brand have become all the more visible.

The Magnite grabs headlines for its value for money proposition, the same reason why it’s been crowned our Compact SUV for the year 2020. It offers features that would make you question the extra bills being spent on other purchases. Consumers were drawn to its value for money proposition and may ditch their traditional hatchbacks for this. Why not, if you can get yourself a bigger vehicle for the same buck, and with more features, it would seem half-witted to not consider one.

How has Nissan managed to achieve this? Long hours behind the wheel kept me wondering, and it comes down to just one fact – efficient and smart Japanese engineering. Nissan has applied what they’ve learned in their automotive experience in India and globally, to come up with a vehicle that ticks all the right boxes. Technology has introduced possibilities of manufacturers providing features that weren’t familiar to this segment of cars. And that’s where the Magnite pushes the envelope.

We’ve begun to see its merits a lot clearer. It’s an inexpensive daily runabout that has all the features that you’d ever need, and some. For instance, families would feel reassured by its four-star ASEAN NCAP crash test. Even today, it looks as striking as it was first showcased as the concept. The sharp creases haven’t been toned down and that lends it a very new-age design.

I’ve lost count of how many people have showered interest when we’re out with it. They want to see it up close, admire those sleek headlamps and DRLs, the dual-tone color scheme, the uniquely-styled alloys. For a lot of eyes out there, the Magnite does look striking, matching their expectations on a good-looking compact SUV. There’s even a LED foglamp that lends this all-LED face a very premium look, which is only accentuated by the dual-tone color scheme that extends to the ORVMs as well. The Magnite fender badging along with the plastic cladding gives it a much-desired SUV stance. Then there’s the bulged-out hip and the sharp crafter spoiler, which sits flush with the creases that extend through the roof. Serrated, sporty. Distinctively Japanese.

The exteriors are striking and the interiors; just so comforting. You’re greeted to a well-appointed cabin that feels roomy and airy on the inside. As you look around, you’d realize that the Magnite comes with plenty of segment-first like an all-digital instrument cluster, a 360-degree parking camera, and wireless Android Auto and Apple Car Play. The seating position lets you buckle in for a commanding view and the JBL sound system, well they set the right tone for every occasion. There’s also the Nissan Connect app also allows you to enjoy 50 plus connected features accessible from your phones. Fast-paced tech-savvy buyers will also cherish the addition of a dedicated wireless phone charging pad to keep gadgets topped up.

Ferrying your friends or family would be ceremonious thanks to the more-than-plenty space on offer for the rear occupants. Headspace, knee room, shoulder space, and a flat floor for the third passenger – you name it and the Magnite has it all. Keeping them cool isn’t a worry either, thanks to uniquely placed AC vents as well.

The space on the back might be great but for enthusiasts like me, that’s not the place to be. I would instead find myself strapped behind the seatbelt on the driver’s seat because the Magnite’s engine delivers. The energetic 1.0-litre three-cylinder unit produces a healthy 98bhp and 160Nm of torque, and combined with a five-speed manual, it lets me play around a little bit. Zipping past through traffic, making those tiny gaps usable, it’s all very exciting and fun. It’s no GTR, but with the right skill sets, it’s not a slouch either. And backing the performance is the driving manners, it remains pliant and sure-footed as you push it through corners, and even soaks up the broken tarmac very well.

It’s evident then, that our love for this Nissan is just warming up. A one-sided relationship after all? Possibly, but you could blame it on the pandemic and the local guidelines around it. Now that things are springing back to normalcy, it’s the perfect time to stretch the Magnite’s legs a little bit, possibly to a neighboring state for a liberating drive. The perfect setting to rekindle with the Japanese SUV, a suited setting to explore this world together. Because that’s what the Magnite does for the masses, it enables them to choose a vehicle that can double up as a great adventure companion.

BMW M340i x Drive Review – First Drive

The latest entry point to the BMW’s famed M school, locally assembled – do the numbers justify the M in the name?

Price: ₹ 62.90 lakhs onwards

3.0T 6cyl | 382 bhp | 500 Nm | 8spd auto

FOR Driving Pleasure, Value

AGAINST Stiff Ride, Little Exterior Differentiation

Overview:

The M340i xDrive is the only six-cylinder petrol 3 Series in BMW’s line-up and comes standard with four-wheel drive. It sets itself up against the Audi S5 Quattro and the Mercedes Benz C43 AMG.

And since the guys at BMW’s M division have had a go at this, quite a lot underneath has changed versus the standard 3 – exhaust, brakes, e-diff, steering rack, springs and dampers, rear suspension links. On the outside, there’s little to differentiate from the 330i M-sport version, save for silver speckles on the kidney grille, trapezoidal tailpipe finishers, and boot lid badging.

Driving:

The M340i uses the latest version of BMW’s (not M’s) 3.0-liter straight six, pumping out 382bhp and a meaningful 500Nm of torque which can propel the car from standstill to 100km/h in just 4.4 seconds! There’s all-wheel drive as standard, and the M sport rear differential makes it one sweet-handling car.

The power build-up is brisk, and the performance is the type that you can enjoy properly on the road, rather than being thrown off your seat every time you jump down the throttle. The exhaust notes are enjoyable more outside the car than within, but I wish it were throatier. It’s fairly fuel-efficient as well, returning almost 8.9 liters/km over an 800km driving week across expressways, highways, and city errands.

The ride, like other 3 Series versions, is on the firm side, but this one without the option of adaptive dampers can be unbearable on our broken roads and if you tend to carry 4 passengers often. Wheels are the same as the 330i’s 18-inches, and 19-inch wheels are optional.

Inside is a comfortable place to be with M-sport seats draped in a mix of black leather and swade-like materials. It’s a practical cabin, with the latest infotainment system and space for 4 full-size adults with a practical boot to spare.

Verdict:

In all honesty, I very much like this M340i. Simply because it just hits that sweet spot – it looks moderately quick, sounds definitely quick, and is actually a whole lot quicker again. A proper junior M car, if I may call it that – not brutal like some of the bigger M cars, but drivable, habitable, and performance that’s usable in everyday conditions.

Yes, you may want to spec it with certain optional extras to showcase that M in the name, but really for the proposition, it creates at a sticker price of Rs. 62.90 lakhs ex-showroom, it definitely is the new benchmark for an everyday sports sedan.

BMW G 310 GS review: No BS, GS.

When BMW Motorrad and TVS collaborated to share their engineering and technology, there was no doubt about its results’ brilliance. Among the trifecta of motorcycles that spawned in 2018 was the G 310 GS, that bore the BMW badge. It filled the gap of an entry-level adventure tourer in the German manufacturer’s lineup, thus enabling a significant audience to experience the off-road life. Although the erstwhile model had no flaws, BMW felt it needed a periodic update.

Enter the 2020 G 310 GS. Along with aesthetic updates, the motorcycle also gets a fresh appeal and a BS6 motor. Although the engine has become cleaner, its power output has remarkably remained unchanged at 34bhp and 28Nm. The bigger GS siblings inspire the three new colour schemes in its lineup, and you will be forgiven if you mistake the 310 GS as one of its bigger brothers, mainly due to the new “rally e” colours. BMW has also replaced the levers with adjustable ones, just to add that extra bit of personalisation. Apart from that, the engine, chassis, brakes, tyres, and frame, among other components have been carried forward. Not that they needed a change anyway.

Having long legs means I don’t find many motorcycles accomodating. But that was nothing that worried the G 310 GS. I was snugly nestled in its seat, and the 835mm seat height meant I could put my foot down without having to bend it much. Also, the raised handlebars meant standing on the motorcycle was equally comfortable and manoeuvrability was hardly compromised, regardless of the riding stance. Though the older G 310 GS was 5 kilos lighter than the one I reviewed, the weight was quite manageable, and I hardly noticed the change. The combination of the seat, handlebars, and slightly rear-set footpegs offer a comfortable ride, even making long distances bearable. However, its sheer bulk makes it difficult to push by hand.

The bike’s happy place is between 6000 and 7000 rpm, with peak torque kicking in at 7500 rpm. Beyond that, the engine does not complain, but instead, the vibrations that seep through all points of contact will let you know that it has begun to grumble. Nevertheless, the engine stayed faithful and pulled all along; even then, I had twisted the throttle wide open. Also, the 5th and 6th gears are impossible to redline. Trust me, I tried. The bike can cruise comfortably at three-digit speeds and tops out at 142 kmph, though it might go higher with a lighter rider. Who knows.

With a heavy clutch, riding in peak traffic does become cumbersome after a while. The motorcycle itself can be taken through tight gaps, but the clutch action means the engine might conk off a couple of times. At least till you get used to it, anyway. However, it is an entirely different scenario when munching miles on the highway or taking the unbeaten path. The brakes, on the other hand, work in reverse. While they offer good bite in city rides, they will suck the fun right out of off-roading. Why, you ask? Well, BMW has opted out of switchable ABS, and as a result, you cannot lock the rear brakes. Get the point? No. Slides.

BMW has equipped the G 310 GS with 41mm USD forks and an adjustable rear monoshock. Though the suspension setup has been carried over, what’s new is the LED lights. Along with a long and bright throw, the LEDs also add to the motorcycle’s visual appeal. However, there are some chinks in the otherwise glistening armour.

TVS updated the Apache RR 310 with almost superbike level technology, offering different ride modes, a feature-packed colour TFT instrument cluster and much more. It is somewhat disappointing that BMW did not share this technology with TVS, which would have significantly improved the G 310 GS as an overall package. Nevertheless, it is a solid deal.

With a Rs 2.85 lakh (ex-showroom) price tag, the G 310 GS might seem a little pricey. But BMW has cut Rs 65,000 from its previous price, offering a much better value-for-money deal now. However, with the competition getting stiffer, the G 310 GS will be given a run for its money by the Royal Enfield Himalayan and the KTM 250 Adventure. How will it fare against them is something only time will tell, but until that happens, you can be assured that this GS is no BS!

BMW India launches the 3 Series Gran Limousine in India.

BMW India has launched the new BMW 3 Series Gran Limousine in the country. Produced at BMW Group Plant Chennai exclusively for the Indian market, the car will be available in both petrol and diesel variants at all BMW India dealerships from today onwards. The long-wheelbase ‘Gran Limousine’ is a new addition to the BMW 3 Series family. It takes on the position of the longest, most spacious and comfortable car in its segment and sets a new benchmark in the class. It offers sportiness, comfort and innovation exclusively for the Indian market.

Mr Vikram Pawah, President, BMW Group India said, “The 3 Series is the soul of the BMW brand and has won over millions of customers around the world. The ultimate sports sedan has now set the ultimate standard in luxury in a new form – the BMW 3 Series Gran Limousine. With its elongated design, enhanced space, luxurious comfort and dynamic performance, the new BMW 3 Series Gran Limousine has a unique and captivating character. It delivers sheer driving pleasure and indulges in superlative luxury, making it a perfect choice for individuals as well as the family. The Gran Limousine has been tailored with an innovative proposition that will attract young, progressive Indians who want a perfect combination of sporty performance and higher practicality for family usage in this segment.”

The new Beamer blends the joy of driving and the outstanding comfort of an extremely spacious sedan. The grandeur rises many notches higher, thanks to a modern design with a larger, elongated body and bigger rear doors. Due to the extended wheelbase, there is more room to unwind, more legroom for rear passengers and a pleasant seating experience even on long journeys. The powerful engine ensures a thrilling performance and acceleration. The long list of indulgence features, such as Panorama Glass Sunroof, Comfort Seats in front, bespoke ‘Vernasca’ leather upholstery, luxurious rear seat, Parking Assist with Reverse Assist, Ambient Lighting, BMW Live Cockpit Professional and Wireless Charging adds to its appeal.

The Gran Limousine is available in two attractive design schemes – Luxury Line and the exclusive M Sport ‘First Edition’ which is limited to the launch phase only. Luxury Line indulges movement in style and endows elegance. M Sport ‘First Edition’ bestows a masculine character with distinguished M elements evoking the racing spirit. The additional features of M Sport ‘First Edition’ are BMW Heads-Up Display, BMW Gesture Control, Comfort Access and Surround-view cameras with 360 view including top, panorama and 3D view.

The exterior body design of the new BMW 3 Series Gran Limousine blends the new, extremely precise design language and sporting aura of the BMW 3 Series with distinctive proportions. The unique character in long-wheelbase guise stems from an extra 110 millimetres of wheelbase and the associated increase in seating comfort and legroom in the rear compartment. Encompassing an exterior length of 4,819 millimetres and a 2,961- millimetre wheelbase, the exterior dimensions of the new BMW 3 Series Gran Limousine outstrip those of any other car in its class.

Creating a striking front look is a large BMW kidney grille with a single surround for the two elements and LED headlights with extended features. BMW’s hallmark sporting prowess is embodied here by short overhangs, a long bonnet and a set-back passenger compartment.
The model’s stretched silhouette underscores its inherent elegance and hints at the enviable spaciousness of the interior. The sporty look is created by the slim three-dimensional L-shaped LED taillights along with two large freeform tailpipes.

The interior is designed to accentuate grand cabin spaciousness. The rear doors are 110 millimetres longer than those of the BMW 3 Series sedan, allowing for an extra 43 millimetres of legroom in the rear compartment, which sets a new benchmark in the class. The comfort-oriented character is highlighted through improved padding and pampering Vernasca leather upholstery of the rear seats, newly designed headrest and the central armrest between the rear seats. The large 480 litres luggage compartment meets the needs of long-distance travel. The automatic tail-gate operation increases access convenience by enabling the boot lid to be opened/closed at the press of a button.

The M Sport ‘First Edition’ has Comfort Access which goes a step further and allows completely hands-free operation of the boot lid. The Welcome Light Carpet, projected from the side sill, welcomes passengers in glamorous style. Added to which, the car comes with illuminated door sill plates. The driver and front passenger settle into electrically adjustable Comfort Seats with Sensatec door trim. The driver-focused cockpit includes a sports leather steering wheel in Luxury Line and M leather steering wheel in M Sport ‘First Edition’ with multifunction buttons along with the instrument cluster/control display grouping. The modern design of the centre console with galvanic embellisher adds to the cabin’s premiumness. Filling up the cabin with a sense of spaciousness is the large Panorama sunroof. Ambient lighting with six dimmable designs creates an atmosphere for every mood. In another model-specific feature, the ambient lighting also includes an illuminated contour strip on the back of the front seats. Three-zone automatic climate control with active carbon filters optimizes air quality. The optimised acoustic properties reduce noise levels and make the journey peaceful.

The two-litre four-cylinder petrol engine of the BMW 330Li produces an output of 258 hp and a maximum torque of 400 Nm at 1,550 – 4,400 rpm. The car accelerates from 0 -100 km/hr in just 6.2 seconds. The two-litre four-cylinder diesel engine of the BMW 320Ld produces an output of 190 hp and a maximum torque of 400 Nm at 1,750 – 2,500 rpm. The car accelerates from 0 -100 km/hr in just 7.6 seconds.

The eight-speed Steptronic sport automatic transmission performs smooth, almost imperceptible gearshifts. At any time, in any gear, the transmission collaborates perfectly with the engine, enabling it to develop its full power and efficiency. For even greater driving pleasure, it comes with steering wheel paddle shifters and cruise control with braking functions. Using Launch Control, ambitious drivers can achieve maximum acceleration with optimized traction from a standstill. Using the Driving Experience Control switch, the driver can choose between different driving modes to suit the driving conditions – ECO PRO, Comfort, Sport and Sport+.

A host of BMW ConnectedDrive technologies continue to break the innovation barrier in the automotive industry. Modern cockpit concept BMW Live Cockpit Professional includes 3D Navigation, a 12.3-inch digital instrument display behind the steering wheel and a 10.25
inch Control Display. The occupants can operate several functions simply by speaking to their BMW Virtual Assistant. Hands do the talking with BMW Gesture Control that recognizes six pre-defined hand movements for control of many functions (available in M Sport ‘First Edition’). The smartphone holder integrated into the centre console allows inductive, Wireless Charging for mobile phones. Wireless Apple CarPlay and Android Auto ensure seamless smartphone connections with the car to access several functions. The car has a Harman Kardon Surround Sound system with 16 loudspeakers.

The BMW Heads-Up Display in M Sport ‘First Edition’ projects driving-related information onto the windscreen and directly into the driver’s field of view. It employs full-colour graphics and provides a wealth of information to the driver without having to divert their eyes from the road. Parking Assistant with Rear View Camera makes parking in tight spots easier.
Reversing Assistant provides unmatched support in reversing out of a parking spot or through narrow driveways. It keeps a record of the last 50 metres driven and assists by taking over the steering. The M Sport ‘First Edition’ features surround-view cameras with 360 view including top view, panorama view and 3D view.

The new BMW 3 Series Gran Limousine is available in one diesel variant (BMW 320Ld Luxury Line) and two petrol variants (BMW 330Li Luxury Line and BMW 330Li M Sport ‘First Edition’) which are locally produced. The ex-showroom prices are –
BMW 330Li Luxury Line : INR 51,50,000
BMW 320Ld Luxury Line: INR 52,50,000
BMW 330Li M Sport ‘First Edition’: INR 53,90,000
The new BMW 3 Series Gran Limousine is available in four exciting metallic paintworks – Mineral White, Melbourne Red, Carbon Black and Cashmere Silver. The choice of upholstery combinations includes Leather Vernasca Cognac | Black and Oyster | Black.